granzyme h serum levels variations with both reproductive hormone receptors, and related hormone receptors in breast cancer patients

background : breast cancer (bc) is the most common cancer in iranian women, meanwhile the iranian patients are relatively young. granzyme h (gzmh) is a functional cytotoxic serine protease of nk cell granules, which expands the cell death-inducing repertoire of innate immune system. gzmh is constitutively and highly expressed in human nk cells, in order to possess chymotrypsin-like (chymase) enzymatic activity. the purpose of this study was to determine gzmh level, in bc and healthy women. methods : 30  breast  cancer  patients , and 30 control  women  in  premenopausal  status, have participated in  this  study. gzmh , estrogen levels, and er,pr have been measured in cancer and healthy women subsequently, as using elisa , radioimmunoassay, and  immunohistochemistry methods. results : mean gzmh value was lower in bc than healthy women (p<0.0001). conclusions : our study has implicated suppressor existence, or the problem for producing of gzmh in patients group, and levels of estrogen that could not effect on making positive er, pr. keywords: breast cancer; estrogen; granzyme h   please cite this article as: tahbaz-lahafi b, akbari me, amir-rassouli h, rahimipour a, azargashb e, nafissi n, jahani f. granzyme h serum levels variations with both reproductive hormone receptors, and related hormone receptors in breast cancer patients. iran j cancer prev. 2014; 7(1):48-52. references 1. kolahdoozan s, sadjadi a, radmard a, khademi h .five common cancers in iran, archives of iranian medicine. 2010; 2(13):143-6.   2. hashemzadeh s, aligholipour maleki r, golzari s. the incidence of breast cancer in northwest iran (2003 -2008). journal of cardiovascular and thoracic research. 2012; 4(1): 5-9.   3. taghavi a, fazeli z, vahedi m,baghesani a,pourhosiengholi a,barzegar f and et al. increased trend of breast cancer mortality in iran. asian pacific journal of cancer prevention. 2012;13(1):367-70.   4. akbari a, razzaghi z, homaee f,khayamzadeh m,movahedi m,akbari mohammad-esmaeil.parity and breastfeeding are preventive measures against breast cancer in  iranian women. japanese breast cancer society. 2011; 18(1):51-5.   5. clemon m , goss , epstain e. estrogen and the risk of breast cancer. the new england journal of medicine. 2001;4(344):276-85   6.  jiang x, ellisa sj, alarid et and shapiro dj. interplay between the levels of estrogen and estrogen controls the level of the granzyme   inhibitor, proteinase inhibitor9 and susceptibility to immune surveillance by natural killer cells. oncogene. 2007; 26(28):4106-14.   7. cullen sp ,brunet m and martin sj . granzyms in cancer and immunity .cell death differ. 2010; 17(4):616-23.   8. qiang hou,tongbiao zhao, honglian zhang and et al. granzyme h  induces  apoptosis of target tumor cells charecterized  by  dna fragmentation and  bid –dependent  mitocondrial damage . molecular immunology . 2008; 45(4): 1044-55.   9. lieberman j. the abcs of granule-mediated cytotoxicity:new weapons in the  arsenal. nature reviews immunology. 2003; 3(5):361-70.   10. fellows e, gil-parrado s, jenne de, kurschus f. natural killer cell-derived human grmh induce an alternative caspase-indepent cell deathprogram. journal of the american society of hematology. 2007; 2(110):544-52.   11. fellows e. granzyme h anovel cell-death-inducing serine protease, dissertation zur evlangung des. doktorgrades der naturwissenschaften (dr.rer) derfakultat fur biologic der ludwing-max imilians - universitat munchen,wesel,the american society of hematology.2007.   12. fehniger todd a. orphan granzyme turned lethal weapon .blood journal (the american society of hematology). 2007; (110):475-6.   13. saha roy s, vadlamudi r. role of estrogen receptor signaling in breast cancer  metastasis. international  journal   of  breast cancer. 2012; 10(1155).   14. xiuhua g, nawaz z. role of steroid receptor coactivators and corepressors of progestrone  receptors in breast cancer. breast cancer research . 2002; 5(4):182-6.   15. razvi n, rukhshan  kh, nagra s .to study the significance of apoptosis enzyme granzyme h  in breast cancer patients .j ayub med coll abbottabad. 2008; 20(1): 84-6.   16. jardines l, haffty bg  , fisher p ,weitzel j, royce m. breasr cancer overview,risk factors, screening, genetic testing , and prevention. in: pazdur r, wagman ld, camphausen ka, editors.  cancer management: a multidisciplinary approach. 11 th ed. cmp united business media. 2009.   17. ramachandra reddy k. role of socioeconomic status and reproductive factors in breast cancer a case –control study. finland. academic dissertion, university of tampere, school of public health. may 19th, 2004. 84 p.